2022年6月7日 星期二

電腦圖學筆記week16

 筆記

Step1-1 alpha內插公式 : alpha: `0.0 ~ 1.0`

                                         `angle = alpha*新 + (1-alpha)*舊`

    ex: alpha: 0 =>舊

          alpha: 0.5 =>半新半舊

          alpha: 1 =>新

    使用Excel or Google Spreadsheet來做練習

Step1-2 用week15_angles_TRT_again程式拿來改

    1. 建新專案 File-New-Project  -> GLUT  ->week16_interpolation 內插

    2. 複製程式 -> 執行 -> 按s會存1行 -> mouse motion改動作(4次) -> 按s存檔

        (原本失敗的結果 : 按r會讀到動作，但不連續動作)

接著，需來改程式

1. void myInterplate(float alpha)


#include <GL/glut.h>

#include <stdio.h>

float angle[20],oldX=0;

int angleID=0;

FILE * fout=NULL, * fin = NULL;

void myWrite()

{///每呼叫一次myWrite

    if(fout == NULL)fout=fopen("file.txt","w+");


    for(int i = 0;i<20;i++)

    {

        printf("%.1f ",angle[i]);///小黑印出來

        fprintf(fout,"%.1f ",angle[i]);///檔案印出來

    }///這裡老師沒有fclose

    printf("\n");///小黑印出跳行

    fprintf(fout,"\n");///檔案跳行

}

float NewAngle[20],OldAngle[20];

void myRead()

{

    if(fout!=NULL){fclose(fout); fout=NULL;}

    if(fin==NULL) fin=fopen("file.txt","r");

    for(int i=0;i<20;i++)

    {

        OldAngle[i] = NewAngle[i];

        fscanf(fin, "%f", &NewAngle[i] );

        ///fscanf(fin,"%f",&angle[i]);

    }

    glutPostRedisplay();///重劃畫面

}

void myInterpolate(float alpha){

    for(int i=0;i<20;i++){

        angle[i]= alpha * NewAngle[i] + (1-alpha) * OldAngle[i];

    }

}

int  t =0;

void keyboard(unsigned char key,int x,int y)

{

    if(key=='p'){

        if(t%30==0) myRead();

        myInterpolate( (t%30)/30.0 );///介於0.0~1.0

        glutPostRedisplay();

        t ++;

    }

    if(key=='s') myWrite();///調好動作才save存檔

    if(key=='r') myRead();

    if(key=='0') angleID=0;

    if(key=='1') angleID=1;

    if(key=='2') angleID=2;

    if(key=='3') angleID=3;

}

void mouse(int button,int state,int x,int y)

{

    oldX=x;

}

void motion(int x,int y)

{

    angle[angleID]+=(x-oldX);

    ///myWrite();

    oldX=x;

    glutPostRedisplay();

}

 void display()

 {

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glColor3f(1,1,1);

    glRectf(0.3,0.5,-0.3,-0.5);


    glPushMatrix();

        glTranslatef(0.3,0.4,0);

        glRotatef(angle[0],0,0,1);

        glTranslatef(-0.3,-0.4,0);

        glColor3f(1,0,0);

        glRectf(0.3,0.5,0.7,0.3);

        glPushMatrix();

            glTranslatef(0.7,0.4,0);

            glRotatef(angle[1],0,0,1);

            glTranslatef(-0.7,-0.4,0);

            glColor3f(0,1,0);

            glRectf(0.7,0.5,1.0,0.3);

        glPopMatrix();

    glPopMatrix();


        glPushMatrix();

            glTranslatef(-0.3,0.4,0);

            glRotatef(angle[2],0,0,1);

            glTranslatef(0.3,-0.4,0);

            glColor3f(1,0,0);

            glRectf(-0.3,0.5,-0.7,0.3);


            glPushMatrix();

                glTranslatef(-0.7,0.4,0);

                glRotatef(angle[3],0,0,1);

                glTranslatef(0.7,-0.4,0);

                glColor3f(0,1,0);

                glRectf(-0.7,0.5,-1.0,0.3);

            glPopMatrix();

    glPopMatrix();

    glutSwapBuffers();

 }

 int main(int argc, char *argv[])

 {

    glutInit(&argc,argv);

    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH);

    glutCreateWindow("week15_angles_TRT_again");

    glutMouseFunc(mouse);

    glutMotionFunc(motion);

    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);

    glutDisplayFunc(display);


    glutMainLoop();

 }


Step2-1

#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdio.h>
float angle[20],oldX=0;
int angleID=0;
FILE * fout=NULL, * fin = NULL;
void myWrite()
{///每呼叫一次myWrite
    if(fout == NULL)fout=fopen("file.txt","w+");

    for(int i = 0;i<20;i++)
    {
        printf("%.1f ",angle[i]);///小黑印出來
        fprintf(fout,"%.1f ",angle[i]);///檔案印出來
    }///這裡老師沒有fclose
    printf("\n");///小黑印出跳行
    fprintf(fout,"\n");///檔案跳行
}
float NewAngle[20],OldAngle[20];
void myRead()
{
    if(fout!=NULL){fclose(fout); fout=NULL;}
    if(fin==NULL) fin=fopen("file.txt","r");
    for(int i=0;i<20;i++)
    {
        OldAngle[i] = NewAngle[i];
        fscanf(fin, "%f", &NewAngle[i] );
        ///fscanf(fin,"%f",&angle[i]);
    }
    glutPostRedisplay();///重劃畫面
}
void myInterpolate(float alpha){
    for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
        angle[i]= alpha * NewAngle[i] + (1-alpha) * OldAngle[i];
    }
}
///int t=0;
void timer(int t){
    if(t%50==0) myRead();
    myInterpolate((t%50)/50.0);
    glutPostRedisplay();
    glutTimerFunc(20,timer,t+1);
}
void keyboard(unsigned char key,int x,int y)
{
    if(key=='p'){
        myRead();
        glutTimerFunc(0,timer,0);
        ///if(t%30==0) myRead();
        ///myInterpolate( (t%30)/30.0 );///介於0.0~1.0
        ///glutPostRedisplay();
        ///t++;
    }
    if(key=='s') myWrite();///調好動作才save存檔
    if(key=='r') myRead();
    if(key=='0') angleID=0;
    if(key=='1') angleID=1;
    if(key=='2') angleID=2;
    if(key=='3') angleID=3;
}
void mouse(int button,int state,int x,int y)
{
    oldX=x;
}
void motion(int x,int y)
{
    angle[angleID]+=(x-oldX);
    ///myWrite();
    oldX=x;
    glutPostRedisplay();
}
 void display()
 {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(1,1,1);
    glRectf(0.3,0.5,-0.3,-0.5);

    glPushMatrix();
        glTranslatef(0.3,0.4,0);
        glRotatef(angle[0],0,0,1);
        glTranslatef(-0.3,-0.4,0);
        glColor3f(1,0,0);
        glRectf(0.3,0.5,0.7,0.3);
        glPushMatrix();
            glTranslatef(0.7,0.4,0);
            glRotatef(angle[1],0,0,1);
            glTranslatef(-0.7,-0.4,0);
            glColor3f(0,1,0);
            glRectf(0.7,0.5,1.0,0.3);
        glPopMatrix();
    glPopMatrix();

        glPushMatrix();
            glTranslatef(-0.3,0.4,0);
            glRotatef(angle[2],0,0,1);
            glTranslatef(0.3,-0.4,0);
            glColor3f(1,0,0);
            glRectf(-0.3,0.5,-0.7,0.3);

            glPushMatrix();
                glTranslatef(-0.7,0.4,0);
                glRotatef(angle[3],0,0,1);
                glTranslatef(0.7,-0.4,0);
                glColor3f(0,1,0);
                glRectf(-0.7,0.5,-1.0,0.3);
            glPopMatrix();
    glPopMatrix();
    glutSwapBuffers();
 }
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutCreateWindow("week15_angles_TRT_again");
    glutMouseFunc(mouse);
    glutMotionFunc(motion);
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
    glutDisplayFunc(display);

    glutMainLoop();
 }

接著，讓動畫可以不用按p就會自動播放,並讓它變得更流暢 (只需要加入幾行程式碼就好)

Step2-2 利用課本範例，講解 gluLookAt (eye、center、up)

    eye : 攝影機的位置 / center : 攝影機中心點的位置 / up : 攝影機底部的位置

Step3-1 

    1. 建新專案 File-New-Project -> GLUT -> week16_camera_projection_gluLookAt

    2. 備份177行範例，要改造裡面的程式

    3. aspect ratio 長寬比

       ex : 1920x1080 、 1280x720 、 640x480 、16:9、 4:3

#include <GL/glut.h>

void reshape(int w,int h){

    float ar = (float) w/(float) h;

    glViewport(0,0,w,h);

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

    glLoadIdentity();

    gluPerspective(60,ar,0.1,100);


    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

    glLoadIdentity();

    gluLookAt(0,0,3, ///eye

              0,0,0, ///center看哪裡

              0,1,0);///up向量

}

void display()

{

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glutSolidTeapot(1);

    glutSwapBuffers();

}

int main(int argc,char**argv)

{

    glutInit(&argc,argv);

    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH);

    glutCreateWindow("week16 camera");

    glutDisplayFunc(display);

    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);

    glutMainLoop();

}


Step3-2 滑鼠可拖曳 新加的程式碼

#include <GL/glut.h>
void reshape(int w,int h){
    float ar = (float) w/(float) h;
    glViewport(0,0,w,h);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(60,ar,0.1,100);

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0,0,3, ///eye
              0,0,0, ///center看哪裡
              0,1,0);///up向量
}
void display()
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glutSolidTeapot(1);
    glutSwapBuffers();
}
void motion(int x,int y){
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt((x-150)/150.0,(y-150)/150.0,3, ///eye
              0,0,0, ///center看哪裡
              0,1,0);///up向量
    glutPostRedisplay();
}
int main(int argc,char**argv)
{
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutCreateWindow("week16 camera");
    glutMotionFunc(motion);
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutMainLoop();
}
於
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